It remains unclear, however, how these genetic changes increase the risk of hair loss in men and women with androgenetic alopecia. Studies suggest that variations in the AR gene lead to increased activity of androgen receptors in hair follicles. Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to dihydrotestosterone and other androgens. The AR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor. Additionally, there is a delay in the growth of new hair to replace strands that are shed.Īlthough researchers suspect that several genes play a role in androgenetic alopecia, variations in only one gene, AR, have been confirmed in scientific studies. Increased levels of androgens in hair follicles can lead to a shorter cycle of hair growth and the growth of shorter and thinner strands of hair. The cycle starts over when the follicle begins growing a new hair. Each strand of hair normally grows for 2 to 6 years, goes into a resting phase for several months, and then falls out.
#REGION X HAIR SKIN#
Hair growth begins under the skin in structures called follicles. Androgens also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive. Androgens are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. Researchers have determined that this form of hair loss is related to hormones called androgens, particularly an androgen called dihydrotestosterone. Although researchers are studying risk factors that may contribute to this condition, most of these factors remain unknown. PCOS is characterized by a hormonal imbalance that can lead to irregular menstruation, acne, excess hair elsewhere on the body (hirsutism), and weight gain.Ī variety of genetic and environmental factors likely play a role in causing androgenetic alopecia. In women, this form of hair loss is associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, prostate cancer, disorders of insulin resistance (such as diabetes and obesity), and high blood pressure ( hypertension) have been related to androgenetic alopecia.
Androgenetic alopecia in women rarely leads to total baldness.Īndrogenetic alopecia in men has been associated with several other medical conditions including coronary heart disease and enlargement of the prostate. In women, the hair becomes thinner all over the head, and the hairline does not recede. The pattern of hair loss in women differs from male-pattern baldness. Hair also thins at the crown (near the top of the head), often progressing to partial or complete baldness. Over time, the hairline recedes to form a characteristic "M" shape. Hair is lost in a well-defined pattern, beginning above both temples. In men, this condition is also known as male-pattern baldness. Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women.
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